Meat - Wikipedia. A selection of uncooked red meat and poultry. Meat is animal flesh that is eaten as food. The advent of civilization allowed the domestication of animals such as chickens, sheep, pigs and cattle. This eventually led to their use in meat production on an industrial scale with the aid of slaughterhouses. Meat is mainly composed of water, protein, and fat. It is edible raw, but is normally eaten after it has been cooked and seasoned or processed in a variety of ways. Unprocessed meat will spoil or rot within hours or days as a result of infection with and decomposition by bacteria and fungi. Most often, meat refers to skeletal muscle and associated fat and other tissues, but it may also describe other edible tissues such as offal. The term is related to mad in Danish, mat in Swedish and Norwegian, and matur in Icelandic and Faroese, which also mean 'food'. The word mete also exists in Old Frisian (and to a lesser extent, modern West Frisian) to denote important food, differentiating it from swiets (sweets) and dierfied (animal feed). History. 1. 0,0. 00 BCE). The type of meat consumed varies much between different cultures, changes over time, depending on factors such as tradition and the availability of the animals. The amount and kind of meat consumed also varies by income, both between countries and within a given country. The trend towards selling meat in pre- packaged cuts has increased the demand for larger breeds of cattle, which are better suited to producing such cuts. Vegetarians choose not to eat meat because of ethical, economic, environmental, religious or health concerns that are associated with meat production and consumption. While meat consumption in most industrialized countries is at high, stable levels.. For example, poultry meat has increased by 7. However, on the contrary, bovine meat has decreased from 1. In cattle, certain growth features are controlled by recessive genes which have not so far been controlled, complicating breeding. For instance, a recombinantbacterium has been developed which improves the digestion of grass in the rumen of cattle, and some specific features of muscle fibres have been genetically altered. The multiple asexual reproduction of animals bearing desirable traits can thus be anticipated. Low temperatures tend to prolong animal development and high temperatures tend to retard it. Scientists disagree, however, about how exactly the plane of nutrition influences carcase composition. These include the treatment of feed with formalin to protect amino acids during their passage through the rumen, the recycling of manure by feeding it back to cattle mixed with feed concentrates, or the partial conversion of petroleumhydrocarbons to protein through microbial action. It may also decrease the tenderness of meat, although research on this is inconclusive. These include nitrogenous compounds, such as amino acids, and inorganic substances such as minerals. The remaining protein mass consists of connective tissue (collagen and elastin) as well as organelle tissue. When myoglobin is exposed to oxygen, reddish oxymyoglobin develops, making myoglobin- rich meat appear red. The redness of meat depends on species, animal age, and fibre type: Red meat contains more narrow muscle fibres that tend to operate over long periods without rest. Wild animals such as deer are typically leaner than farm animals, leading those concerned about fat content to choose game such as venison. Decades of breeding meat animals for fatness is being reversed by consumer demand for meat with less fat. The fatty deposits that exist with the muscle fibers in meats soften meat when it is cooked and improve the flavor through chemical changes initiated through heat that allow the protein and fat molecules to interact. The fat, when cooked with meat, also makes the meat seem juicier. However, the nutritional contribution of the fat is mainly calories as opposed to protein. As fat content rises, the meat's contribution to nutrition declines. In addition, there is cholesterol associated with fat surrounding the meat. The cholesterol is a lipid associated with the kind of saturated fat found in meat. The increase in meat consumption after 1. The Daniel Plan (2013) is a healthy lifestyle/spiritual book that advocates eating unprocessed, whole foods. Eat nonstarchy vegetables, healthy animal or plant.While each kind of meat has about the same content of protein and carbohydrates, there is a very wide range of fat content. Production. These procedures are called slaughter and butchery, respectively. There is ongoing research into producing meat in vitro, that is, outside of animals. Transport. Depending on its length and circumstances, this may exert stress and injuries on the animals, and some may die en route. Death results from the one or the other procedure, depending on the methods employed. Stunning can be effected through asphyxiating the animals with carbon dioxide, shooting them with a gun or a captive bolt pistol, or shocking them with electric current. Meat is animal flesh that is eaten as food.:1 Humans have hunted and killed animals for meat since prehistoric times. The advent of civilization allowed the. Unintelligible: This meat diet is the best thing, ever. I have been studying nutrition on and off for a very long time now, especially after I learned that I am. Gout, once called “the ailment of kings”, because it mainly afflicted those who could afford a “rich” diet, now affects more than 8 million nonroyal Americans. MyPlate illustrates the five food groups that are the building blocks for a healthy diet using a familiar image – a place setting for a meal. About half of America’s trans fat intake now comes from animal products. Below is an approximation of this video’s audio content. To see any graphs, charts. Free eating meat papers, essays, and research papers. He only ate meat, fish, fruits, and vegetables as a "mental challenge. The remaining glycogen, about 1. Because of these changes, the meat is tender and pliable when cooked just after death or after the resolution of rigor, but tough when cooked during rigor. Hypoxanthine, a breakdown product of ATP, contributes to the meat's flavor and odor, as do other products of the decomposition of muscle fat and protein. Meat additives include the following. It imparts flavor but also inhibits microbial growth, extends the product's shelf life and helps emulsifying finely processed products, such as sausages. Ready- to- eat meat products normally contain about 1. The use of nitrite's precursor nitrate is now limited to a few products such as dry sausage, prosciutto or parma ham. They are used to increase the water- binding and emulsifying ability of meat proteins, but also limit lipid oxidation and flavor loss, and reduce microbial growth. They include spices or oleoresins extracted from them, herbs, vegetables and essential oils. They include proteolytic enzymes, acids, salt and phosphate. They substitute for the process of natural fermentation that acidifies some meat products such as hard salami or prosciutto. Meat imitates are typically some form of processed soybean (tofu, tempeh), but they can also be based on wheat gluten or even fungi (quorn). Environmental impact. Among these are greenhouse gas emissions, fossil energy use, water use, water quality changes, and effects on grazed ecosystems. The livestock sector may be the largest source of water pollution (due to animal wastes, fertilizers, pesticides), and it contributes to emergence of antibiotic resistance. It accounts for over 8% of global human water use. It is by far the biggest cause of land use, as it accounts for nearly 4. Substitution of animal manures for synthetic fertilizers in crop production can be environmentally significant, as between 4. MJ of fossil fuel energy are used per kg of nitrogen in manufacture of synthetic nitrogenous fertilizers. Spoilage is caused by the practically unavoidable infection and subsequent decomposition of meat by bacteria and fungi, which are borne by the animal itself, by the people handling the meat, and by their implements. Meat can be kept edible for a much longer time – though not indefinitely – if proper hygiene is observed during production and processing, and if appropriate food safety, food preservation and food storage procedures are applied. Without the application of preservatives and stabilizers, the fats in meat may also begin to rapidly decompose after cooking or processing, leading to an objectionable taste known as warmed over flavor. Methods of preparation. Fresh meat cuts or processed cuts may produce iridescence, commonly thought to be due to spoilage but actually caused structural coloration and diffraction of the light. It may be ground then formed into patties (as hamburgers or croquettes), loaves, or sausages, or used in loose form (as in . In Europe, alder is the traditional smoking wood, but oak is more often used now, and beech to a lesser extent. In North America, hickory, mesquite, oak, pecan, alder, maple, and fruit- tree woods are commonly used for smoking. Meat can also be cured by pickling, preserving in salt or brine (see salted meat and other curing methods). Other kinds of meat are marinated and barbecued, or simply boiled, roasted, or fried. Meat is generally eaten cooked, but many recipes call for raw beef, veal or fish (tartare). Steak tartare is a meat dish made from finely chopped or minced rawbeef or horse meat. Meat dishes are usually described by their source (animal and part of body) and method of preparation (e. Meat is a typical base for making sandwiches. Popular varieties of sandwich meat include ham, pork, salami and other sausages, and beef, such as steak, roast beef, corned beef, pepperoni, and pastrami. Meat can also be molded or pressed (common for products that include offal, such as haggis and scrapple) and canned. A study of 4. 00,0. European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition and published in 2. The metastudy reported mortality ratios, where lower numbers indicated fewer deaths, for fish eaters to be 0. Regular meat eaters and vegans shared the highest mortality ratio of 1. A USDA report points out that consumption of beef in the United States between 1. In 1. 99. 5 and 1. The 2. 01. 5–2. 02. Dietary Guidelines for Americans asked men and teenage boys to increase their consumption of vegetables or other underconsumed foods because they eat too much protein. Often, these compounds are not very dangerous themselves but can be metabolized in the body to form harmful by- products, so any actual toxicological effects may depend on the individual genome, diet, and history of the consumer. Toxins may be introduced to meat as part of animal feed, as veterinary drug residues, or during processing and cooking. IARC classified processed meat (e. That study noted that, . Animal fat, particularly from ruminants, tends to have a higher percentage of saturated fat vs. The saturated fat found in meat has been associated with significantly raised risks of colon cancer.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. Archives
August 2017
Categories |